One Health Publications

Zoonotic Viruses Associated with Illegally Imported Wildlife Products

“The global trade in wildlife has historically contributed to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. The United States is the world's largest importer of wildlife and wildlife products, yet minimal pathogen surveillance has precluded assessment of the health risks posed by this practice. This report details the findings of a pilot project to establish surveillance methodology for zoonotic agents in confiscated wildlife products. Initial findings from samples collected at several international airports identified parts originating from nonhuman primate (NHP) and rodent species, including baboon, chimpanzee, mangabey, guenon, green monkey, cane rat and rat. Pathogen screening identified retroviruses (simian foamy virus) and/or herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus and lymphocryptovirus) in the NHP samples. These results are the first demonstration that illegal bushmeat importation into the United States could act as a conduit for pathogen spread, and suggest that implementation of disease surveillance of the wildlife trade will help facilitate prevention of disease emergence.”

Please read complete article: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029505 or click on attachment.

Study maps zoonotic disease burden, hot spots

CIDRAP News, Thursday July 5, 2012

“A review and mapping study to gauge the burden of zoonotic diseases found that Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania, and India are four top hot spots and that a surging demand for livestock products will likely fuel the spread of several diseases.” …

…“ The analysis also revealed gaps in disease reporting in developing countries, despite increased support that materialized in response to influenza concerns. It suggested that though the literature is useful for understanding diseases and their impact, more and better information can be obtained from field surveys and that technology advances such as biological repositories could help improve disease epidemiology and control. …”

See complete report: http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/biosecurity/ag-biosec/news/jul0512zoonotic-br.html or click on attachment.

Project Wildlife Joins Binational Group Monitoring Regional Health = One Health

May/June 2012

E-news Contents

Please see attached PDF or click on http://www.onehealthinitiative.com/publications/Project%20Wildlife.org.pdf

Permission to post graciously granted by:

Sarah Whorley
Communications Manager
swhorley@projectwildlife.org

O: 858-866-0555, ext. 206

C: 619-417-1808
www.projectwildlife.org 

http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?llr=doesugdab&v=001dSc8ZL6S2HEyIuq5jfGe4KCKRB6JM5CeuRgTvs2E5YmOdSYWPdTenQzmblxhhbB0JjDJqZaCd2elGsTTVAjAMzp07uGNyRCTZ9a7X5Q6g6oQoHcOmr8HLQAOH37LGl5YnGUqkkq7n0wlbj9zuBGVkw%3D%3D 

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu†) in the environment, resistance development in influenza A viruses of dabbling ducks and the risk of transmission of an oseltamivir-resistant virus to humans _a review

Josef D. Jarhult, MD, PhD

“The antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu†) is a cornerstone in influenza pandemic preparedness plans

worldwide. However, resistance to the drug is a growing concern. The active metabolite oseltamivir

carboxylate (OC) is not degraded in surface water or sewage treatment plants and has been detected in river

water during seasonal influenza outbreaks. The natural influenza reservoir, dabbling ducks, can thus be

exposed to OC in aquatic environments. Environmental-like levels of OC induce resistance development in

influenza A/H1N1 virus in mallards. There is a risk of resistance accumulation in influenza viruses circulating

among wild birds when oseltamivir is used extensively. By reassortment or direct transmission, oseltamivir

resistance can be transmitted to humans potentially causing a resistant pandemic or human-adapted highlypathogenic

avian influenza virus. There is a need for more research on resistance development in the natural

influenza reservoir and for a prudent use of antivirals.”

Infection Ecology and Epidemiology 2012. # 2012 Josef D. Jarhult. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-

Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any

medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1

Citation: Infection Ecology and Epidemiology 2012, 2: 18385 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/iee.v2i0.18385

Note: The One Health Initiative autonomous pro bono team considers Infection Ecology and Epidemiology (IEE) http://www.infectionecologyandepidemiology.net/index.php/iee to be an important One Health oriented journal.

http://www.infectionecologyandepidemiology.net/index.php/iee/article/view/18385/pdf_1

Natural disasters and communicable diseases in the Americas: contribution of veterinary public health

Veterinaria Italiana, 2012 Vol. 48(2) 119-218.

http://www.izs.it/vet_italiana/2012/48_2/193.pdf

PLoS ONE, 31 May 2012

Complexity of the International Agro-Food Trade Network and Its Impact on Food Safety

Reference: Mária Ercsey-Ravasz, Zoltán Toroczkai, Zoltán Lakner, József Baranyi. (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (5): e37810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037810

Abstract:

With the world’s population now in excess of 7 billion, it is vital to ensure the chemical and microbiological safety of our food, while maintaining the sustainability of its production, distribution and trade. Using UN databases, here we show that the international agro-food trade network (IFTN), with nodes and edges representing countries and import-export fluxes, respectively, has evolved into a highly heterogeneous, complex supply-chain network. Seven countries form the core of the IFTN, with high values of betweenness centrality and each trading with over 77% of all the countries in the world. Graph theoretical analysis and a dynamic food flux model show that the IFTN provides a vehicle suitable for the fast distribution of potential contaminants but unsuitable for tracing their origin. In particular, we show that high values of node betweenness and vulnerability correlate well with recorded large food poisoning outbreaks.

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0037810

Factors influencing diagnostic sample submission by food animal veterinarians in Mississippi (USA)

Veterinaria Italiana, 2012, 48(1), 31-39

http://www.izs.it/vet_italiana/2012/48_1/31.pdf

Another example of One Health in ACTION...

UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine,

Western University of Health Sciences, and the Los Angeles Zoo & Botanical Gardens

Saturday, September 29, 2012

Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center Tamkin Auditorium and

Los Angeles Zoo & Botanical Gardens, Los Angeles, California

Present:

A conversation between veterinarians and physicians

caring for the same diseases in different species

A Species-Spanning Approach to Medicine

Please see attachment

Graciously provided by:

Michael D. Lairmore DVM, PhD

Dean

School of Veterinary Medicine

University of California – Davis

One Shields Avenue

Davis, CA 95616

“...The report, which contains five main conclusions and 10 recommendations, took into account not only the medical role of veterinarians but also the profession’s responsibility to protect and improve the health of animals, people, and the ecosystem.  The term “One Health” is often used to refer to an approach that incorporates all three perspectives. Recommendations in the report included the development of a “One Health” think tank, greater use of technology and resource sharing, more flexible educational models, and more partnerships between academe and industry. ...”

Please read more http://www.aavmc.org/PressRelease/?id=116