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One Health Publications
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| Found 1623 Matching Results. View archived Publications Here. |
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Emergence and Evolution of Novel Reassortant Influenza A Viruses in Canines in Southern China |
| American Society for Microbiology - An open access Journal |
| Thursday, June 07, 2018. |
  
http://mbio.asm.org/content/9/3/e00909-18
Emergence and Evolution of Novel Reassortant Influenza A Viruses in Canines in Southern China
ABSTRACT
The capacity of influenza A viruses (IAVs) to host jump from animal reservoir species to humans presents an ongoing pandemic threat. Birds and swine are considered major reservoirs of viral genetic diversity, whereas equines and canines have historically been restricted to one or two stable IAV lineages with no transmission to humans. Here, by sequencing the complete genomes of 16 IAVs obtained from canines in southern China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Guangxi]) in 2013 to 2015, we demonstrate that the evolution of canine influenza viruses (CIVs) in Asian dogs is increasingly complex, presenting a potential threat to humans. First, two reassortant H1N1 virus genotypes were introduced independently from swine into canines in Guangxi, including one genotype associated with a zoonotic infection. The genomes contain segments from three lineages that circulate in swine in China: North American triple reassortant H3N2, Eurasian avian-like H1N1, and pandemic H1N1. Furthermore, the swine-origin H1N1 viruses have transmitted onward in canines and reassorted with the CIV-H3N2 viruses that circulate endemically in Asian dogs, producing three novel reassortant CIV genotypes (H1N1r, H1N2r, and H3N2r [r stands for reassortant]). CIVs from this study were collected primarily from pet dogs presenting with respiratory symptoms at veterinary clinics, but dogs in Guangxi are also raised for meat, and street dogs roam freely, creating a more complex ecosystem for CIV transmission. Further surveillance is greatly needed to understand the full genetic diversity of CIV in southern China, the nature of viral emergence and persistence in the region’s diverse canine populations, and the zoonotic risk as the viruses continue to evolve.
IMPORTANCE Mammals have emerged as critically underrecognized sources of influenza virus diversity, including pigs that were the source of the 2009 pandemic and bats and bovines that harbor highly divergent viral lineages. Here, we identify two reassortant IAVs that recently host switched from swine to canines in southern China, including one virus with known zoonotic potential. Three additional genotypes were generated via reassortment events in canine hosts, demonstrating the capacity of dogs to serve as “mixing vessels.” The continued expansion of IAV diversity in canines with high human contact rates requires enhanced surveillance and ongoing evaluation of emerging pandemic threats.
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ONE HEALTH Engaging in a Multidisciplinary Approach - Dr. Bernadette Dunham |
| BIO International Convention - One Health Day |
| Thursday, June 07, 2018. |
ONE HEALTH Engaging in a Multidisciplinary Approach
Comments by
Bernadette Dunham, DVM, PhD
Milken Institute School of Public Health
The George Washington University
For the
BIO International Convention – One Health Day
June 4, 2018, Boston, MA
Dr. Dunham is a member of the One Health Initiative team’s Advisory Board http://www.onehealthinitiative.com/advBoard.php.
SEE: attachment
and https://goo.gl/aDpWSH
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Core Competencies in One Health Education: What Are We Missing? |
| National Academy of Medicine (NAM) Perspectives |
| Wednesday, June 06, 2018. |
Core Competencies in One Health Education: What Are We Missing?
By Eri Togami, Jennifer L. Gardy, Gail R. Hansen, George H. Poste, David M. Rizzo, Mary E. Wilson, and Jonna A. K. Mazet
June 04, 2018 | Discussion Paper
https://nam.edu/core-competencies-in-one-health-education-what-are-we-missing/
Provided by:
V. Ayano Ogawa, S.M.
Program Officer
Board on Global Health | Health and Medicine Division
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001
Phone: 202.334.1349
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Duke One Health - Virus hunters: One Health Bass Connections video of undergrads' work in Sarawak |
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| Tuesday, June 05, 2018. |
Duke One Health
Duke Global Health Institute (DGHI)
Virus hunters: One Health Bass Connections video of undergrads' work in Sarawak
https://sites.globalhealth.duke.edu/dukeonehealth/media/videos/ |
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Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security - "...with explicit incorporation of a One Health approach..." |
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| Friday, June 01, 2018. |
Worth Repeating...
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security find that a potential global catastrophic risk-level pandemic pathogen will most likely have a respiratory mode of transmission.
“... Cultivating and maintaining expertise in the epidemiology, surveillance, and pathogenicity of all classes of microbes, with explicit incorporation of a One Health approach—which incorporates and integrates information from infectious diseases of plants, amphibians, and reptiles—will help foster the flexible and robust capacity needed for pandemic preparedness and GCBR work. ...”
http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2018/180510-pandemic-pathogens-report.pdf
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Innovation in animal health: Sifting the tangible actions from the political ideas |
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| Wednesday, May 30, 2018. |
Google Alert...
Innovation in animal health: Sifting the tangible actions from the political ideas
In this respect, the recent own-initiative 'Report on the European One Health Action Plan Against AMR' drafted by MEP Karin Kadenbach, calls for ...
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GLOBAL PANDEMIC PATHOGEN: Characteristic, host factors – Outbreak News release today... |
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| Tuesday, May 29, 2018. |
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security find that a potential global catastrophic risk-level pandemic pathogen will most likely have a respiratory mode of transmission.
“... Cultivating and maintaining expertise in the epidemiology, surveillance, and pathogenicity of all classes of microbes, with explicit incorporation of a One Health approach—which incorporates and integrates information from infectious diseases of plants, amphibians, and reptiles—will help foster the flexible and robust capacity needed for pandemic preparedness and GCBR work. ...”
GLOBAL PANDEMIC PATHOGEN: Characteristic, host factors – Outbreak News release today...
and see http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2018/180510-pandemic-pathogens-report.pdf
Recommendation 1: Preparedness against GCBR-level threats should have a focused approach with some flexibility.
Though the highest-ranked pandemic potential pathogens
were RNA viruses spread via the respiratory route, it is
important to distinguish between what is most likely and what
is possible. RNA viruses spread via the respiratory route merit
prioritization, but other classes of microbes, such as bacteria,
fungi, and protozoa, should not be dismissed.
Since RNA viruses that are spread via the respiratory route
have the characteristics that are most concerning in terms of
their ability to cause global catastrophic threats, surveillance,
science, and countermeasure development programs and
efforts should logically allocate significant resources to them.
Except for influenza and certain coronaviruses, this is largely
not the case. In addition, as we said above, other classes of
infections should not be ignored given their pandemic
potential characteristics.
Cultivating and maintaining expertise in the epidemiology,
surveillance, and pathogenicity of all classes of microbes, with
explicit incorporation of a One Health approach—which
incorporates and integrates information from infectious
diseases of plants, amphibians, and reptiles—will help foster
the flexible and robust capacity needed for pandemic
preparedness and GCBR work.
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Old-World Virus, New Tricks: Inside Kerala’s Quest To Contain The Deadly Nipah Virus |
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| Monday, May 28, 2018. |
SEE in full: https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/05/24/old-world-virus-new-tricks-inside-kerala-s-quest-to-contain-the-deadly-nipah-virus_a_23443118/
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"...The animal health department is collecting samples of rats, bats and other species to find the Nipah reservoir host. Samples are being analyzed by the National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases in Bhopal.
"This is a very good example of the One Health approach, where animal and human health and public health, the administration, state government, central government all coming together and containing this outbreak," said Arunkumar of Manipal.
“... Almost three-fourths of all diseases that afflict humans originate in animals, and a new zoonosis has been emerging or re-emerging every year. SARS, MERS-CoV, Ebola and H5N1 have all sparked fear and cost the global economy tens of billions of dollars.
In the early 2000s, a trio of scientists in the U.S. recognized that animal and human health are intricately connected. They advocated for a "One Health" approach that integrates human health, animal health, agriculture and the environment to respond to and avoid outbreaks. Few nations have so far taken a pro-active approach to stopping animal-to-human transmission before they happen, according to various studies. Health systems, including India's, are focused instead on stopping pandemics, through quarantine, drugs and vaccines.
The animal health department is collecting samples of rats, bats and other species to find the Nipah reservoir host. Samples are being analyzed by the National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases in Bhopal.
Some aspects of the approach found takers in India in 2005 following an H5N1 avian flu outbreak. For the first time, animal, environment, wildlife and human health departments coordinated to monitor and develop avian influenza contingency plans. South Asia, and India in particular, is a hotspot for emerging and re-emerging zoonosis due to its tropical forests, high biodiversity, high poverty rate and a large number of people living in close proximity to animals.
Since then, the Indian government has been setting up a network of virus detection labs. With help from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it has set up more Biosafety Level- 3 and 4 labs where scientists can safely study the most dangerous viruses. ...”
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